Casabianca free essay sample

The kid remained on the consuming deck, Whence everything except he had fled; The fire that lit the battle’s wreck Shone round him o’er the dead. Reference to Context: These lines have been taken from the sonnet â€Å"Casabianca† composed by Felicia Dorothea Hemans. In the sonnet poetess passes on the message of grit, penance, duty, energy and control through the narrative of Casabianca. Clarification: In these lines poetess tells that Casabianca was remaining on the leading group of the boat which was ablaze. He was remaining solitary while all others had left the boat. The flares of fire ascending on all sides. These flares were sparkling over dead assortments of the warriors executed in the fight. 2. However delightful and brilliant he remained, As destined to control the tempest, An animal of Heroic blood A glad, through youngster †like structure. Reference to Context: These lines have been taken from the sonnet â€Å"Casabianca† composed by Felicia Dorothea Hemans. In the sonnet poetess passes on the message of grit, penance, obligation, enthusiasm and order through the narrative of Casabianca. Clarification: In these lines poetess tells that the kid remained on the leading body of the boat inspite of consuming flares. He glanced very hardsome in the light of these blazes. It appeared that he was destined to administer over tempests. He had acquired honorability from his front dads. In spite of the fact that he was of young age, he looked courageous and glad to do the order of father. 3. The flares moved on †he would not abandon his father’s word That father black out in death underneath His voice not, at this point heard. Reference to Context: These lines have been taken from the sonnet â€Å"Casabianca† composed by Felicia Dorothea Hemans. In the sonnet poetess passes on the message of dauntlessness, penance, obligation, energy and control through the tale of Casabianca. Clarification: In these lines poetess says that blazes hurried at Casabianca. Be that as it may, he had settled not to leave the spot except if his dad allowed him. His dad was laying dead in the lower some portion of the boat so his voice could be heard no more. 4. He called out loud: â€Å"Say father! State If yet my assignment is finished? † He knew no that the boss tain lay Unconscious of his child. Reference to Context: These lines have been taken from the sonnet â€Å"Casabianca† composed by Felicia Dorothea Hemans. In the sonnet poetess passes on the message of fortitude, penance, obligation, energy and control through the account of Casabianca. Clarification: In these lines poetess tells that the kid called his dad in a noisy voice. He asked whether, the obligation relegated to him was finished or not. He didn't realize that leader of the boat was uninformed about the state of his child. 5. â€Å"Speak father! † Once again he cried. â€Å"If I may yet be gone†! What's more, yet the blasting shots answered, And quick the flares moved on. Reference to Context: These lines have been taken from the sonnet â€Å"Casabianca† composed by Felicia Dorothea Hemans. In the sonnet poetess passes on the message of dauntlessness, penance, duty, nationalism and order through the narrative of Casabianca. In these lines poetess tells that the kid again cried and inquired as to whether e could go. He needed to state all the more however his voice was suffocated amidst substantial commotion of weapons and the flares surged on quick. 6. Upon his temple he felt their breath, And in his waving hair, And looked from that solitary post of death, In still, yet valiant hopelessness. Reference to Context: These lines have been taken from the sonnet â€Å"Casabianca† composed by Felicia Dorothea Hemans. In the sonnet poetess passes on the message of dauntlessness, penance, obligation, nationalism and control through the tale of Casabianca. Clarification: In these lines poetess says that the blazes hurried at the kid. He felt their warmth on his front head and in waving hair. Despite the fact that he knew, that his demise was close however he stood very and quiet. He checked out him from spot of death with striking heart however he was frustrated. 7. What's more, yelled however again out loud â€Å"My father! Must I stay†? While o’er him quick, through sail and cover The wreathing fires cleared a path. Reference to Context: These lines have been taken from the sonnet â€Å"Casabianca† composed by Felicia Dorothea Hemans. In the sonnet poetess passes on the message of grit, penance, duty, nationalism and order through the account of Casabianca. Clarification: In these lines poetess says that the kid by and by shouted out in noisy voice. He needed to know whether it was important for him to remain there. Simply then the flares raced through sails and ropes. 8. They wrapt the boat in quality wild, They got the banner high, And gushed over the chivalrous kid, Like banness in the sky. Reference to Context: These lines have been taken from the sonnet â€Å"Casabianca† composed by Felicia Dorothea Hemans. In the sonnet poetess passes on the message of valiance, penance, obligation, nationalism and order through the tale of Casabianca. Clarification: In these lines poetess tells that the flares encompassed the boat and secured it on all sides. They even arrived at the banner which was flying exceptionally high. They additionally encompassed the valiant kid like the flag’s shadows in the sky. 9. There came an explosion of thunder sound, The kid goodness! Where right? Ask of the breezes that far around With sections thew the ocean. Reference to Context: These lines have been taken from the sonnet â€Å"Casabianca† composed by Felicia Dorothea Hemans. In the sonnet poetess passes on the message of boldness, penance, duty, energy and control through the narrative of Casabianca. Clarification: In these lines poetess tells that unexpectedly a noisy commotion was heard there and nobody can envision that where the group of daring kid was. Just the breezes could state which were blowing around the kid that where was he. 10. With pole and steerage and pennon reasonable, That all around had borne their part; But the noblest thing which died there, Was that youthful steadfast heart! Reference to Context: These lines have been taken from the sonnet â€Å"Casabianca† composed by Felicia Dorothea Hemans. In the sonnet poetess passes on the message of valiance, penance, duty, nationalism and control through the account of Casabianca. Clarification: In these lines poetess tells that part played by pole, rudder and the banner flying on pole is acclaim commendable. In any case, the noblest thing which kicked the bucket there was the youthful submissive and trained heart, that was Casabianca. Synopsis The sonnet Casabianca was composed by Mrs. Felicia Dorothea Hemans. It begins with the notable line, the kid remained on the consuming deck. The story identifies with an uncommon episode of commitment and gallantry saw during the Battle of the Nile. It was on the night of July 28 of 1798 that the English maritime unit under Lord Nelson cruised in. They had gotten the French armada at stay and ill-equipped. The French lead was simply the LOrient and it before long discovered flanked by English boats assaulting from the two sides. A wild fight was before long seething and the glimmers of 2000 weapons lit up the boats in the social event obscurity. LOrient was gotten by the English broadsides and was set burning. It was then that the English mariners saw an astounding sight. There on that consuming deck they saw a kid remaining solitary. He was Cassabianca, the multi year old child of one of the boats officials. There he stood, alone at his post. He was encircled by blazes and confronting the dumbfounded English adversary. Before long a short time later the fire arrived at the powder magazine where it counts in the hold. The kid died when the entire boat ejected in a huge blast. The sound of LOrient exploding was heard at Rosetta 20 miles away. What's more, the sparkle of the fireball was found in Alexandria. It was a tremendous blast of a greatness once in a while observed back in those occasions. The English mariners felt overwhelmed at what they had quite recently seen. For exactly twenty minutes the firearms were quiet. The English officials and men were totally alarmed at the slaughter that had occurred. They sent a boat to save the survivors from the water. Around 70 French mariners were spared. The record of that kid who remained on that consuming deck was told and retold. In the long run it passed on into legend. The story stays a great case of commitment and dependable assistance. Also, the sonnet keeps on filling in as a wellspring of motivation and miracle for some all through Christendom. That kid who remained at his post on that consuming deck has not been overlooked. Furthermore, the tale of his chivalrous stand is recalled straight up to the current day.

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Workmanship - Essay Example This is recognized to be one of the artist’s most popular prints, and has been repeated a few times from the couple of impressions accessible. When contrasted with his later impressions, there are noted to be a few contrasts, for example, the state of the arm â€Å"which isn't so far completely defined† (Ivins: 182). This is one of the few aquatints made by Goya during the most recent long stretches of his life. As per Schider (p. xxii), the tone of the image can be helped by scratching, however can't be obscured, consequently the strategy includes a demanding technique. Like work done by mezzotint etchers the copper was first roughened with grainy aquatint. At that point Goya made the perfect work of art by scratching features into the readied surface of the coppersheet. The threatening and secretive figure of the enormous being who could be a Titan, for example, Prometheus or Zeus, was hence etched out of the dimness of the foundation. In Goya’s etchings with aquatint, known as â€Å"the Caprices†, his principle specialized accomplishment was: making a visual world in which shapes rise up out of the murkiness (Murray: 153). The artist’s bad dreams are depicted; the structure and substance of which are oblivious of the regular laws of the universe. The light falls on the pic ture suggestively, yet isn't reasonable. The exact implications of the pictures that he made were not unmistakably clarified, and were left to the onlooker’s creative mind to decipher freely. Francisco de Goya y Lucientes is seen to have for the most part kept away from traditional subjects, and particularly didn't utilize universal neoclassicism which characterized an inclination for line over shading, utilized static postures and shunned portraying feeling. The term sentimental elegance was instituted by the craftsmanship history specialist Sigfried Giedion, who accepted that neoclassicism as an autonomous style didn't exist, and that traditional relic was perfect with sentimentalism

Evolution of Distance Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Development of Distance Education - Research Paper Example Reports on the equivalent uncover it to have rehearsed this technique for instruction for more than 20 years. The progression of the present innovation has come about to heightening of this training in greater part of foundations in the US. The WVU has actualized internet learning meetings for conveying custom curriculum. Since the time previously, intercession of the separation between understudies, organizations along with the individual educators have been controlled by the most present innovation used. In this way, this content is of significant criticalness, as it would effectively portray the development of separation training by introducing an examination plan (Ludlow and Duff, 2009). Proclamation of the exploration issue This examination focuses on the recognizable proof of how separation training has advanced since its introduction. Various sources tends to a similar issue however from divergent points of view. The use of separation instruction has been abused in various pie ces of the globe, and this achieves the prominent varieties. It is in taking note of the degree to which this type of training has developed that distinguishing those elements fundamental for such an event would be simpler. This examination plans to uncover systems that those included should actualize in upgrading adequacy required in this type of administration conveyance. The less created and creating nations are insufficient of the most present innovation that is determinedly being used by the effectively evolved states. These countries, particularly those from Africa will have the option to get familiar with the ideas to embrace so as to start the separation instruction program. In this manner, the exploration question is; does improvement in innovation contribute towards the advancement of separation training? Survey of the related writing The enlargement in the present innovation has permitted WVU to use the innovation supported separation training. As per an examination led b y various researchers, such a college has drilled separation instruction for over two decades since 1980s (Ludlow and Duff, 2009). As this college started this procedure, it just tried to test whether it could work. In any case, their test endeavors have come about to the current far reaching advancement in the utilization of this idea. The WVU separation training manages offering programs on a specialized curriculum. The cautious audit of the writing assigns an expansion in the portion of those taking a crack at these projects every year. Furthermore, it additionally delineates an ascent in those finishing such a program every scholastic year. During the presentation of this idea in the college, most of the members were from inside, however right now the members exude from everywhere throughout the US. In addition, the innovation headway has empowered people from everywhere throughout the globe to take an interest out yonder learning movement. Writing shows that the communicate TV; the most confused innovation of the day was utilized during the presentation of separation training programs. The advancement of courses that could be made accessible to understudies through the Public Broadcasting System (PBS) is the thing that came about to usage of the TV (Huett et al., 2008). After these understudies finishing the schedule, they sat for assignments later submitted for checking by means of the mail. The underlying utilization of satellite for training purposes experienced various difficulties. For example,

Child development observations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kid improvement perceptions - Research Paper Example 5:05-She is as yet looking and stops at one specific page and attempts to peruse she makes an intense face and calls attention to an image of MASHED POTATO however says â€Å"ICE-CREAM†. â€Å"With chocolate sauce and chocolate-chips† she includes in the wake of choosing what she needed to have. 5:10-She puts them all together and returns the remain from where she got it. â€Å"When will my food be ready?† she enquired. Her face looks somewhat anxious now as she gazes at the servers conveying plate to different tables. 5:11-She begins scratching her legs with her correct hand. When the server moves toward her table, G gazes toward the plate he was conveying. Her eyes pillar up when she sees the enormous bowl of parfait. She grins and takes a gander at the bowl with wonderment filled eyes. 5:12-G gets the spoon with her correct hand and glances around. She at that point looks inclines forward on her seat and delves into the frozen yogurt with the spoon. She can't recover an appropriate scoop which falls when she picks it. With her left hand she goes after the cherry put on the highest point of the dessert. 5:13-G put the cherry into her mouth with her left hand and afterward utilized both her hands to hold the spoon and scoop a touch of the dessert. She views assurance all over. She at long last figures out how to achieve her assignment and put the spoon into her mouth and eats the dessert off it. â€Å"Its cold!!!† she shouts and shakes her head left to right multiple times. 5:15-She drops a touch of the softened sweet on her dress and looks down with a look of disturb. G at that point grins and attempts to pick the fallen bits of treat with her spoon. She falls flat since the frozen yogurt melts and runs down her garments. 5:18-â€Å"I am done would i be able to have the cheese?† she inquires. She is currently taking a gander at the sandwich kept right over her. G is given a touch of the cheddar cut. G joyfully takes it with her correct hand and places it into her mouth on the double. She bites on it

Reforming U.S. Political System free essay sample

Inspects hypotheses, requirement for, elective ways to deal with diminishing optional separated govt., gridlock, organization, social war, open lack of interest. Examiners have watched an expansion among the electorate in both detachment and alienation toward all degrees of government. Individuals have consistently grumbled about the organization they need to confront when they have business with the legislature. They have consistently condemned programs which didn't work and spending they feel is misled. They have likewise consistently known about legislative debasement and now and again have been pretty much ready to acknowledge it as guaranteed if not to endure it. As of late, however, moral inquiries have gotten progressively significant as people in general has gotten tired of failures in their bureaucratic structure. The observation is that legislature is assailed by gridlock, inadequacy, and defilement, and individuals have little tolerance with the debasement specifically. What is looked for is a model of bureaucratic duty to manage this issue. We will compose a custom article test on Improving U.S. Political System or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page .

Eating Disorders, Periods, and Bone Health

Eating Disorders, Periods, and Bone Health Eating Disorders Symptoms Print Amenorrhea in Disordered Eating By Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS facebook twitter linkedin Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, is a certified eating disorders expert and clinical psychologist who provides cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on March 11, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 19, 2020 Laurence Monneret / Getty Images More in Eating Disorders Symptoms Treatment Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention Women commonly dread their monthly menstrual period (menses). However, eating disorder treatment professionals are usually thrilled when a patient’s menses return after it has stopped due to an eating disorder. Although amenorrhea (absence of a menstrual cycle for three consecutive months in a female of childbearing age) has been removed from the  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5  ) as a diagnostic criterion for anorexia  nervosaâ€"and the resumption of menses is not the sole criterion for  recoveryâ€"it remains a significant marker of the illness for many.?? It is important to note it is not only females that suffer from eating disorders, and  males experience them  at higher rates than were once thought. It bears noting that there is no equivalent to amenorrhea among males with eating disorders. Males often experience decreased testosterone, which can cause its own set of symptoms. This article, however, will address only amenorrhea. Eating Disorders and Amenorrhea 66 to 84 percent of women with  anorexia nervosa  experience amenorrhea, with an additional 6 to 11 percent  experiencing light or infrequent menstrual periods. Approximately 7 to 40 percent  of women with  bulimia nervosa  report amenorrhea.?? A younger adolescent may experience a delayed start of her first period as a result of an eating disorder. Amenorrhea occurs most commonly when the body is in a state of “relative energy insufficiency,” in which caloric intake is inadequate relative to energy burned. This disrupts the hormone cycle that regulates menses. Some girls with anorexia, however, continue to menstruate throughout their illness. Some girls stop menstruating before they start losing weight. Binge eating has also been found to cause menstrual disturbances. The cessation of periods in a young female with an eating disorder mimics the onset of menopause. Associated symptoms may include mood changes, night sweats, difficulty sleeping, cognitive problems, and shrunken ovaries and uterus. One of the most significant effects of these hormone changes is  osteopenia, a depletion of calcium in the bones. Depleted bones are a major concern because they fracture at higher rates. In the longer term, osteopenia may lead to irreversible and chronic problems such as osteoporosis (brittle bones).?? Myths About  Getting Your Period Back Myth:  Birth control pills can solve the problem of amenorrhea due to an eating disorder. Birth control pills are commonly prescribed in an attempt to restart menses and to minimize bone weakness. One study surveyed doctors and found that 78 percent  prescribed birth control pills for their patients with anorexia nervosa. However, research shows that birth control pills do not help to reverse osteopenia.?? They cause only an artificial period and do not get at the heart of the problem or help with bone density. In fact, because the pills may mask the problem (lack of true menstruation) they are not recommended for purposes beyond birth control (non-menstruating sexually active females may still become pregnant). Myth: Exercise will strengthen the bones of females with eating disorders and amenorrhea. Although weight-bearing exercise usually helps to strengthen and build bone, this does not hold true for patients with anorexia nervosa. Misra and colleagues wrote: [Once] they become amenorrheic, the protective effect of  exercise is lost. To date, there is no evidence that high-intensity exercise in the context of weight loss and amenorrhea is protective to bone mass in [anorexia nervosa].?? Furthermore, excessive exercise may lead to estrogen deficiency and amenorrhea, exacerbating the problem. The Truth About Getting Your Period Back The safest and most effective strategy to improve bone density in anorexia nervosa is returning to a weight that is appropriate as per growth chart and history, and natural restoration of menstrual function.?? In females, the bones will not grow stronger without adequate estrogen, which requires a resumption or initiation of menstruation. The only treatment for the resumption of menses is adequate and sustained weight restoration through refeeding and normalization of eating (including cessation of  binge and purge cycles). In many cases in which patients have improved and have been presumed cured, amenorrhea persists. It may take up to six months for menses to resume after weight has been restored. Persistence of amenorrhea beyond this point may indicate the individual is not truly fully weight restored. A study by Faust and colleagues (2013) demonstrated that standard eating disorder treatment goals may be insufficient to resolve amenorrhea.?? This study notes: The standard treatment goal for adult patients is achieving 90 percent  of expected body weight (based on body mass index, height, age, and sex).Among adolescents with anorexia nervosa in the study, the return of menses occurred on average at about 95 percent  of expected body weight, “suggesting that as a minimum this weight target is necessary to restore menses in adolescents.”They state, “Individual differences in weight trajectories should be taken into account,” (p. 5) ?many patients may have higher setpoints  (and hence, weights at which menses will resume) than population averages would suggest.They point to other research that indicates that it is not atypical for adolescents to restore menses at weights more than 5 pounds above the weight that supported menses prior to the onset of amenorrhea. Unfortunately, for some patients, depending on the length, severity, and age at onset of illness, bone density may never be fully recoverable, but the chances are greatly improved by early and aggressive treatment. The Bottom Line In conclusion, loss of menses during an eating disorder is a significant cause for concern that is best remedied by prompt weight restoration, normalization of eating behaviors, and sustained nutrition. If you or someone you love believes she is fully recovered but is not experiencing menstrual periods, it is a good idea to try increasing weight and seeing if menses return.  This offers the best opportunity for reducing lifelong debilitating consequences resulting from bone weakness.

Lending Club Decision Making Dilemma Research Paper - 2200 Words

Lending Club Decision Making Dilemma Research Paper (Research Paper Sample) Content: Lending Club Decision Making DilemmaInstitutionNameInstructorDateLending Club Decision Making DilemmaLending club is an online peer-to-peer (P2P) lending platform that offers loans funded by lenders. The company issues notes to the lender members that beg a question whether the notes are indeed securities or not. This legal question has brought a dilemma to the Lending Club whether to move to new security model by filing with Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or stay with its original model. Any action the company takes has its own risks and benefits. The company is trying to weigh out the risks and opportunities associated with either action. Therefore, the dilemma is that will Lending Club be better off filing with SEC or will it be successful with its status quo. To answer this dilemma, it is necessary to conduct cost-benefit analysis to determine the best option with many benefits than costs/risks. The option that has few benefits than risks is the best ca use of action the company should take.Cost benefits analysisThis will analyze the benefits and risks of either registering with the SEC or maintaining the status quo and go ahead with creating the secondary market. 1 Moving to securities model (registering with the SEC)If Lending Club moves to the new securities model, they will comply with SEC regulations that will eventually change the way they do business with their partners, borrowers and lenders. In fact the local cost of filing with SEC is about $3.5 million. Lending Club will also be compelled to temporarily stop allowing its lenders to fund loans when it is under SEC. once the review is successful, the company will move to a new securities model that requires new marketing campaign. All these other adjustments will cost the company $1.5 million. The company will also have to set aside $450, 000 annually to meeting the new filing as well as financial reporting requirements. However, SECs position would reform P2P lending and make companies like Lending Club to have influence in the market (Tufano, Jackson Ryan, 2010).The cost of SEC is indeed high and will selectively overburden P2P business which can also restrict the growth of the P2P lending industry. Verstein (2011) noted that for-profit P2P lending platforms will be harmed continuously by the process of registration to SEC. the P2P are not allowed to sell notes before the process of registration becomes effective. They must also continue to amend their fillings in post-effective period. Therefore, the delays and costs of SEC regulation have resulted in the reduction in number of these P2P lending platforms. This has restricted the competition and growth of P2P lending industry (p.511). In fact other P2P firms such as Virgin Money, Loanio, and Pertuity closed their operations due to burden of complying with SECs regulations (Lo, 2016).Therefore, in total, the company must pay $5 million USD to get registered with SEC. More so, the registration proc ess is going to halt the companys operation. With the fact that the P2P lending industry is majorly a duopoly market with two main competitors, Prosper Inc. and Lending Club controlling 98% of the P2P market (Lo, 2016), it is likely that the company will lose its customers to Prosper and other small competitors if its operation is halted when its registration request is being reviewed by SEC. This will affect the companys business that will be compelled to use a lot of resources for marketing to gain back its market share.Verstein (2011) added that SEC lacks mandate to protect the borrowers and it might favor lenders over the borrowers when its needs information disclosures. More so, SEC involvement in P2P lending business is hurting lenders by introducing additional risks. A mandatory disclosure under SEC filings is compromising P2P borrowers privacy with limited benefits to lenders. In fact even SEC acknowledged that only a few people access information about P2P investment throug h EDGAR. The SEC lack the mandate to shield borrowers and this could potentially cause a ruthless pro-lender bias towards P2P disclosure. More so, SEC registration has the possibility of making lenders worse off. P2P lenders can only register with SEC under Securities Act Rule 415 through shelf registration. This is the only way of registering a group of securities. Nevertheless, shelf registration means that the platform must also serve as issuer but not as the individual borrowers. This exposes P2P lenders to credit risks of both the platform and the borrowers (Verstein, 2011).Therefore, securities model will expose Lending Club to financial risks, and it will get bogged in privacy issues which will bring legal and ethical. These risks are very costly: privacy issues concerning borrowers can make them sue the company which can result into payment of damages and legal costs while the companys reputation can be jeopardized. Financial risks can make the company lose a lot of resource s which can halt is operation or even makes it undergoes liquidation.However, SEC filing is also beneficial. Lo (2016) observed that unlike the traditional credit industry, lenders in P2P lending market requires more protection compared to borrowers because of their retail status. Therefore, it is likely that most of the problems about securities model has been contained or completely mitigated. Lo (2016) conducted analysis of 391,888 of Lending Clubs transactions between 2007 and 2013. From the analysis, 33,592 of these loans were matured hence they had been paid off or charged off. Each of the loan transaction contains borrower disclosures lenders rely on while making investment decisions. This empirical study significantly compares bifurcated and consolidated regulatory approaches. The result of the empirical analysis found that borrowers enjoy better rates of return than what they would have acquired from their credit cards, their immediate source of credit if they are subjected to no or fewer abusive practices. They are also protected from any exploitation from lenders. In fact credit card interest rates were 13-14% while that of Lending Club was 11-12%. They are also protected from collection polities as well as problems of small loans (Lo, 2016). Therefore, when there are regulations under SEC, borrowers will be protected from exploitation while the industry will be regulated to avoid unethical practices. 2 Status quoIn status quo condition, Lending Club will not move to the securities model. However, if Lending Club does not move to the new securities model, it will not incur these additional costs but they risk other legal and ethical issues. In status quo situation, Lending club will not be regulated with SEC. This will contravene the Securities Act which considers Lending Club notes as securities . Lending Club notes are securities because they are publicly tradable notes. Additionally, Lending Club has paired with WebBank, chartered traditional industrial bank, which issue loans to borrowers. Lending Club then buys loans and issues own promissory notes that are paid out to lenders (investors) only if a bower makes payment. Therefore, Lending Club, and to extent all P2P lending platforms, have broad market nature of investment opportunity. This means that it is a lender hence its notes falls under securities. If Lending Club fails to register with SEC, it means that it will contravene Securities Act Rule 415 which requires securities like P2P lending notes to be registered under shelf registration with SEC. more so, the definition of securities  under the Securities Act of 1933 is that it securities are any note  or investment contract.  P2P lending notes are investment contracts  and notes  under Securities Acts (Verstein, 2011). Therefore, if Lending Club fails to shift to securities model, it will face legal issues...

Overview of High School Chemistry Topics

Are you confused by all the topics in high school chem class? Here is an overview of what is studied in high school chem, with links to essential chem resources and worked chem problems. Introduction to Chemistry To study high school chem, its a good idea to know what chem is. What Is Chem?What Is the Scientific Method? Math Basics Math is used in all the sciences, including high school chem class. To learn chem, you need to understand algebra, geometry, and some trig, as well as be able to work in scientific notation and perform unit conversions. Accuracy and  PrecisionSignificant FiguresScientific NotationPhysical ConstantsMetric Base UnitsDerived Metric UnitsMetric PrefixesHow to Cancel UnitsTemperature ConversionsCalculate Experimental Error Atoms and Molecules Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. Atoms join together to form compounds and molecules. Atom BasicsAtomic Mass and  Atomic Mass NumberTypes of Chemical BondsIonic and Covalent BondsOxidation NumbersLewis Structures or  Electron Dot ModelsMolecular GeometryWhat Is a Mole?More About Molecules and  MolesLaw of Multiple Proportions Stoichiometry Stoichiometry describes the proportions between atoms in molecules and reactants/products in chemical reactions. You can use this information to balance chemical equations. Types of Chemical ReactionsBalance EquationsBalance Redox ReactionsGram to Mole ConversionsLimiting Reactant  and Theoretical YieldMole Relations in Balanced EquationsMass Relations in Balanced Equations States of Matter The states of matter are defined by the structure of matter as well as whether it has a fixed shape and volume. Learn about the different states and how matter transforms itself from one state to another. States of MatterPhase Diagrams Chemical Reactions There are several types of chemical reactions that can occur. Reactions in WaterTypes of Inorganic Chemical Reactions Periodic Trends The properties of the elements exhibit trends based on the structure of their electrons. The trends or periodicity can be used to make predictions about elements. Periodic Properties and  TrendsElement Groups Solutions Its important to understand how mixtures behave. Solutions, Suspensions, Colloids, DispersionsCalculating Concentration Gases Gases exhibit special properties. Ideal GasesIdeal Gas Law ProblemsBoyles LawCharles LawDaltons Law of Partial Pressures Acids and Bases Acids and bases are concerned with the actions of hydrogen ions or protons in aqueous solutions. Acid and  Base DefinitionsCommon Acids and BasesStrength of Acids and  BasesCalculating pHBuffersSalt FormationHenderson-Hasselbalch EquationTitration BasicsTitration Curves Thermochemistry and  Physical Chem Learn about the relationships between matter and energy. Laws of ThermochemistryStandard State ConditionsCalorimetry, Heat Flow, and EnthalphyBond Energy and  Enthalpy ChangeEndothermic and  Exothermic ReactionsWhat Is Absolute Zero? Kinetics Matter is always in motion.  Learn about the motion of atoms and molecules, or kinetics. Factors That Affect Reaction RateChemical Reaction Order Atomic and  Electronic Structure Much of the chem that you learn is associated with electronic structure, since electrons can move around much more easily than protons or neutrons. Valences of the ElementsAufbau Principle and Electronic StructureElectron Configuration of the ElementsQuantum Numbers and  Electron OrbitalsHow Magnets Work Nuclear Chem Nuclear chemistry is concerned with the behavior of protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus. Radiation  and  RadioactivityIsotopes and  Nuclear SymbolsRate of Radioactive DecayAtomic Mass and Atomic AbundanceCarbon-14 Dating Chem Practice Problems Index of Worked Chem ProblemsPrintable Chem Worksheets Chem Quizzes How to Take a Chem TestAtom Basics QuizAtomic Structure QuizAcids and  Bases QuizChemical Bonds QuizChanges in State QuizCompound Naming QuizElement Number QuizElement Picture QuizUnits of Measurement Quiz General Chem Tools Periodic Table.  Use the periodic table to make predictions about element properties. Click on any element symbol to get facts about the element.Chem Glossary.  Look up the definitions of unfamiliar chem terms.Chemical Structures.  Find the structures for molecules, compounds, and functional groups.

Taking a Look at the Macro Environment - 895 Words

Macro environment includes basic forces acting not only on the company itself , but also on its competitors, as well as elements of the micro environment . Usually its harder to influence on the macro environment then on micro , but it does not mean that firms should remain passive ; inability to control does not imply inability to influence . Often at the macro can be influenced by well- organized activities on public relations. Key elements in macro environment called PESTL:political forces; economical forces;sociocultural forces,technological forces and legal forces. Political forces -forces that operating in the marketing environment,that formed by officials who influence the decisions made by a business organization. Government officials can enact laws that could cause serious damage to specific business sectors. Political factors often affect the business ; recent examples : the general trend towards privatization of formerly state-owned enterprises , in particular public services , and the move towards renunciation of the protection of workers rights . Firms must be able to respond to the prevailing political climate and to make appropriate changes in its marketing policy. For example, the company Telstra (Australia) had to make significant adjustments to their marketing approaches after privatization, in particular in connection with the revival of competition. For example monetary and fiscal policy can viewed. Monetary and fiscal policies are implements theShow MoreRelatedThe National Association Of Social Workers827 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Justice. Generalist social workers should engage in macro practice when possible to promote social and economic justice. All families should have access to the resources and services they need. The National Association of Social Workers (NASW), created a code of Ethics to use in practice. â€Å"Social Workers advocate for fair and equitable access to public services and benefits. Social workers advocate for equal treatment and protection under the law and challenge injustices, especially injusticesRead MoreMicro And Macro Environment Of The Company1590 Words   |  7 Pagesanalysis a company should look at when considering a new project, the more you look into the business environment for your company the better equipped you will be to bring forward a project that will be successful, in this sect ion we’ll be looking at the micro and macro environment of the company through pestle and porters five forces. Also looking at why robust information and research is important how stakeholder analysis works along with constraints analysis. 1. Micro and macro Theâ€Å"microenvironmentRead MoreBriefly Explain What You Understand by the Companys Marketing Environments. Describe in Detail the Various Components of the Proximate Macro Environment Which an Organisation Has to Monitor. Use Relevant Examples to Support Your Answers.987 Words   |  4 Pagesorganisation s success is the ability to make timely and appropriate adaptations to a complex and everchanging environment. The marketing environment is the totality of forces and institutions that are external and potentially relevant to a firm. The marketing environments fall under two catagories. The macro-proximate environment and the macro-widened environment.Micro-widened environment include those factors that can vary from day to day and which the firm has no direct power in changing its fatorsRead MoreMicro Marketing And Macro Marketing1510 Words   |  7 PagesMicro-Marketing and Macro-marketing have to completely different meanings. According Basic Marketing the 9th edition by William D. Perrault, Joseph Cannon, and Jerome McCarthy define micro-marketing concerns the marketing activities of an individual firm, whereas macro-marketing deals with how the whole marketing system works (Perrault, Cannon, McCarthy 2014, p 526). I will be discussing organizational domestic and international, micro and macro marketing impacts on business and society, and identifyingRead MoreSelf Reflection1662 Words   |  7 PagesSocial work education enables professionals to explain and define clients’ experiences, problems, and issues. The levels are micro, mezzo, and macro. For example, the micro level consists of age, gender, income, health, spirituality, emotions, and cognitions. The mezzo level includes neighbors, co-workers, local economy, resources, church, family, and work. 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Industry 4 III - Macro Environment 4 1. Political 5 1.1. Carbon tax 5 1.2. Minimum wages 5 2. Social Cultural 5 3. Economic 6 IV - Conclusion 6 V - References: 6 I - Introduction KFC, which has full name as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is one of well-known fast food brand names in the world due to their effective marketingRead MoreMacro Environment of an Organization1077 Words   |  5 Pages1. Macro environment External environment is the uncontrollable factors, forces, situations, and events outside the organization that affect its performance and strategies. As shown in below figure, the examples of macro environment of an organisation is include factors such as social cultural, political and legal, globalisation, economy, demographical and also technology. Detailed definition of macro environment factors mentioned and the description showed as below. 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Therefore, to resolve the issue, you must work with them and the environment they are in to help them. The community that anyone lives in is the community they are comfortable

Dramatic irony is when the audience or reader knows the...

Dramatic irony is when the audience or reader knows the words and actions of the characters in a work of literature, but certain characters in the story do not know them. The reader or audience has a greater knowledge of many of the characters themselves. Shakespeare employs dramatic irony in many of his tragedies; so that the audience is engaged, and so they are able to witness characters errors in their action, predict the fate of the characters, and experience feelings of tragedy and grief. As a tragedy, Hamlet deals with the problems that arise as a result of Hamlets attempt to avenge his fathers death. Throughout the play Hamlet is on the search of his self, while his actions are shaping who he really is. As he is attempting to†¦show more content†¦His intellectual powers are of the highest order.† (Kittredge, 18) The irony found in the characterization of the antagonist is balanced by an equal irony in the presentation of the protagonist. Hamlet is present at the court gathering dressed in black, the color of mourning, for his deceased father. He is not a man of the world, but rather protesting and thoughtful and by himself. His first words say that Claudius is A little more than kin and less than kind, indicating a dissimilarity in values between the new king and himself, thus, in a sense, demoting himself to the position of an outcast, one who counts for nothing. At this point Hamlet is disoriented and does not know who he really is; he is beginning to lose his sanity. And, incredibly, he is the greatest of people, in terms of what really matters in life – one’s spiritual ideals or morals. He is combating himself because he is attempting to do what is right for Denmark but before everyone’s eyes he is evil. This outcast is a prince; he is a genius. His speeches confront problems â€Å"which most easily besets men of genius† (Coleridge, 345). His first soliloquy illustrate his idealism by emphasizing the worthlessness of the corrupt world and the frailty of women, which contribute to his raging madness, O, that this too too solid flesh would melt Thaw and resolve itself into aShow MoreRelatedDramatic Irony in the Crucible862 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 10, essay The Crucible, option 2 In â€Å"The Crucible†, Arthur Miller uses dramatic irony to create anxiety, frustration and to demonstrate the tension between the people about the lies of witchcraft in Salem. I. The author creates tension in the story by using Abigail who accuses innocent people of witchery. 1.) Abigail wants Elizabeth to get hanged so she can be back with John again. 2.) Abigail turns herself against Mary Warren after she confessed in court. II. The author createsRead MoreEssay about Dramatic Irony in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet877 Words   |  4 Pagessuicides. Shakespeare uses dramatic irony throughout the play to create tension for the audience and foreshadow the ending. Dramatic irony is when the words or actions of characters in a story have a different meaning to the reader than to the characters. This is because the reader knows something that the characters do not. Romeo and Juliet’s death could have been prevented if the characters in the story weren’t so ignorant of their situations, and often times the reader recognizes this. TheRead MoreEssay about Deception in Shakespeares Taming of the Shrew910 Words   |  4 Pagesis one of the major concepts. A tangled web is created in the play through deception of character behavior and the change between clothing and class. Most of the deception in the play have particular motives behind them and create dramatic irony. Shakespeare has used dramatic irony to create a comedic play. Character deception in The Taming of the Shrew is used largely, and Lucentio one of the main characters in the play uses deception throughout some of the first few acts. Lucentio, upon seeingRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet1172 Words   |  5 Pageshelp develop the characters in Hamlet. One dominant device is irony. The main plot of the story revolves around irony. Hamlet is a witty character and loves to use irony. Hamlet’s use of irony displays how he insults people, discovers useful information, and reveals his true character. The use of irony in this story helps to add depth to each character, which is why Hamlet is one of Shakespeare’s most complex stories. There are three types of irony: verbal, situational, and dramatic. Hamlet uses allRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado1232 Words   |  5 PagesPoe’s Irony To develop the analytical paper about the text â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe, some sources will be used to support the thesis statement, which is â€Å"The author uses irony in the text to illustrate the murder of Fortunado by Montresor, who seeks salvation through death†. Also, there is going to be an analysis on the irony found in the text in relation with the story. To support this thesis, I am going to use some examples from some sources such as â€Å"Literary analysis: IronyRead MoreEssay about Dramatic Irony in Hamlet1199 Words   |  5 PagesDramatic Irony is Hamlet What is Dramatic Irony? -Dramatic Irony is when the words and actions of the characters in a work of literature are known to the audience or reader, but they are not known to certain characters in the story. The reader or audience has a greater knowledge of many of the characters themselves. -Shakespeare employs dramatic irony in many of his tragedies, so that the audience is engaged, and so they are able to witness characters errors in their action, predict the fateRead MoreThe Importance Of Literature In Literature1077 Words   |  5 Pageseffective manner to continue to be relied upon in modern texts to keep audiences captivated. Motifs were used in Shakespeare’s time and are still used today to relay the overall theme of a literary work back to the readers. In the book, Pay It Forward, a common theme is for the characters to be altruistic and not selfish. Mrs. Greenberg, a member of Trevor’s project died and is trying to move the selflessness along to more people, â€Å"And when they try to pay you back, pay it forward,† (Hyde 112). A motifRead MoreOedipus the King1065 Words   |  5 PagesSophocles’ use of irony is amongst the greatest of all time, as demonstrated masterfully in Oedipus the King. He displays both ambition and understated humour by using irony in diverse ways, both cosmic and dramatic, as well as verbal irony to add a greater level of wit. Every word spoken holds great symbolic weight and those words contribute to a narrative that reflects the gods plans. Adversely the work of Johnathan Swift takes the form of a social satire, combining economic arguments with a sociopoliticalRead MoreIrony : The Story Of An Hour935 Words   |  4 PagesIrony is the â€Å"literacy language or literary style in which actions, events, or words are the opposite of what readers expect† (McWhorter 986). In the short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† the author shows irony throughout to create a dramatic effect. She starts the story off with talking about a woman, Mrs. Mallard who has just lost her husband in a railroad accident. Throughout the start of the story, many details are revealed through dramatic iron and situational irony. Kate Chopin adds mysteryRead MoreVerbal Irony In Harry Potter1711 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish defines irony as a literary technique, originally used in Greek tragedy, by which the full significance of a character s words or actions is clear to the audience or reader although unknown to the character. Irony― the difference between appearance and reality ―is a literary device evident throughout all literature as either situational irony, dramatic irony, or verbal irony. Surprising readers, situational irony contradicts the expected outcome of the story. For example, the audience of the Harry

Outline of Consciousness - 1283 Words

Section 4: Consciousness Pages 114-117 I. Defining Consciousness a. Consciousness is commonly defined as being aware of the immediate environment. i. For example, knowing when to go to class or work. b. Consciousness also deals with awareness of your thoughts, feelings, and memories. i. Examples 1. Making plans for dates. 2. Getting annoyed at your performance in school. 3. Thinking back about good times with your friends. c. Early psychologists and their studies i. When early psychologists studied the mind, they studied consciousness. 1. William Wundt (late 1880 s) had subjects report contents of consciousness while working, falling asleep, and sitting still. 2. Sigmund Freud (1900 s) wrote that needs, desires, and†¦show more content†¦a. Stated that left-dominated and right-dominated modes of consciousness function in a complimentary and alternating fashion. i. One works while the other in inhibited (Galin, 1974; Ornstein, 1976). b. Integration of these two modes underlies the highest human accomplishments. i. Support for this is still modest since the brain s functioning cannot be fully explained by it s structure. 4. Newest explanations of consciousness can be done by Dennett (1991, 1996) and neurologist Restak (1994). a. Both had a materialistic viewpoint. b. Dennett asserts that people have access to many sources of information, which in combination create conscious experiences in his book, Consciousness Explained. i. Also says that the brain creates copies of experiences that can constantly be reanalyzed. ii. The brain develops a sense of consciousness as well as a sense of self through this constant updating and reanalysis of experience. 1. Theory is untested, widely unaccepted and criticized (Mangan, 1993). 2. It does take a new path in suggesting that perceptual, physiological, and historical information come together in each individual to create consciousness. c. Restak supported Dennett s ideas in his book, The Modular Brain. i. He said that the brain s various sections control behavior in a human being. ii. Consciousness isn t organized, but rather just resides in these sections. 1. If you lose one of those sections in an accident, then you will lose its respectiveShow MoreRelatedThe Legal Consciousness Of Chinese Sex Workers1371 Words   |  6 PagesThe Legal Consciousness of Chinese Sex Workers in Relation to Abuse and Unjust Treatment Professor Margaret L. Boittin’s research mainly focuses on areas such as Chinese law, human trafficking and prostitution. In the article Abuse and the Legal Consciousness of Se Workers in China, she outlines the lifestyle of a prostitute and all the major obstacles that follow. Boittin helps the reader interpret the relationship of Chinese sex workers to their society and laws. The article puts importance towardsRead MoreThe Constitution Of Society : Outline Of The Theory1288 Words   |  6 PagesIn his book The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration, Anthony Giddens develops his structuration theory. The basis for Giddens theory is an attempt to explain human agency and social structure, and how the two together, explain social life and interactions within our social system. Giddens emphasizes that rather than social structure and human agency being two separate constructs, they are instead just two ways of considering and explaining social action. H e also introducesRead MoreRene Descartes Concept Of Dualism And Then Defend My Preferred Alternative Among The Options Paul M. Churchland1513 Words   |  7 Pagesof their mutual independence. Churchland (1988) provides a concise explanation: If there really is an entity in which reasoning, emotion, and consciousness takes place, and if that entity is dependent on the brain for nothing more than sensory experiences as input and volitional executions as output, then one would expect reason, emotion, and consciousness to be relatively invulnerable to direct control or pathology by manipulation or damage to the brain. (p. 9) However, the opposite is clearlyRead MoreModernism Vs. Modernist Modernism1185 Words   |  5 Pagesself-conscious. For example, the stream of consciousness novel became a frequently used form of literature. In fact, James Joyce had a stream of consciousness tendency. Also, noteworthy thinkers such as Karl Marx and Sigmeud Freud played important roles in this time. Therefore, we discussed some of their more important works in class. For instance, you cannot study Marx thought without mentioning The Communist Manifesto. 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After he had hit many low points in his life, the other Wes decided to change for the better and join the jobs corps. In only the first month, he attained his GED and â€Å"proudly displayed his new diploma at home† (Moore 142) in addition to finishing near the top if his class. In this case, the author applies stream of consciousness to outlineRead MoreThe Dark : The Evolution Of General Rhetoric, By George A. Kennedy1113 Words   |  5 Pagesinstrumentalism which is characteristic of our era, is in fact integral to the very existence, survival, and indeed consciousness of not humankind, but the whole of socio-sentient life. Johnstone, too, argues his point against the devaluation of rhetoric as a discipline, even though his claim runs counter to that of Kennedy: rhetoric, he says, â€Å"is the evocation and maintenance of the consciousne ss required for communication,† a property unique to human beings (21). 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Following the flushing out of Locke’s reasoning, I will delve into David Hume’s concept of the Self as a bundle of perceptions. The juxtaposition of these two pro positions of the nature of self will show that John Locke’s ideaRead MoreModernism Vs. Modernist Modernism1335 Words   |  6 Pagesself-conscious. For example, the stream of consciousness novel became a frequently used form of literature. In fact, James Joyce had a stream of consciousness tendency. Also, noteworthy thinkers such as Karl Marx and Sigmeud Freud played important roles in this time. Therefore, we discussed some of their more important works in class. For instance, you cannot study Marx thought without mentioning The Communist Manifesto. Similarly, Freud cannot be mentioned without his Outline of Psychoanalysis. Marx and

Immunization Health Care Delivery Free Essays

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO). Nowadays, this is one of the global issues that experts are trying to solve on how they can help each individual to attain this stage, which in the end they across of finding ways on how an individual will be able to achieve this goal. That is through immunization. We will write a custom essay sample on Immunization: Health Care Delivery or any similar topic only for you Order Now Immunizations are used to protect the human body against preventable diseases. Immunizations are usually given in the form of a shot or vaccine. When one gets immunized, the body develops the ability to fight off a given disease. Immunizations safeguard the body from illnesses and death caused by certain infectious diseases. Some immunizations are given to prevent a single disease, while others will take care of two or three diseases. Immunizations help control infectious diseases that were once common. They have reduced, and in many cases, eliminated, diseases that routinely killed or harmed infants, children, and adults. However, the viruses and bacteria that cause vaccine-preventable disease and death still exist and can be passed on to people who are not immunized. Children need immunizations to protect them from dangerous childhood diseases. How can this be possible for everybody? That was answered by World Health Organization, when they initiated the Expanded Program on Immunization in May 1974 with the objective to vaccinate children throughout the world. Ten years later, in 1984, the WHO established a standardized vaccination schedule for the original EPI vaccines: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DPT), oral polio, and measles. Increased knowledge of the immunologic factors of disease led to new vaccines being developed and added to the EPI’s list of recommended vaccines: Hepatitis B (HepB), yellow fever in countries endemic for the disease, and Haemophilus influenzae meningitis (Hib) conjugate vaccine in countries with high burden of disease. In 1999, the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) was created with the sole purpose of improving child health in the poorest countries by extending the reach of the EPI. The GAVI brought together a grand coalition, including the UN agencies and institutions (WHO, UNICEF, the World Bank), public health institutes, donor and implementing countries, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and The Rockefeller Foundation, the vaccine industry, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and many more. The creation of the GAVI has helped to renew interest and maintain the importance of immunizations in battling the world’s large burden of infectious diseases. The current goals of the EPI are: to ensure full immunization of children under one year of age in every district, to globally eradicate poliomyelitis, to reduce maternal and neonatal tetanus to an incidence rate of less than one case per 1,000 births by 2005, to cut in half the number of measles-related deaths that occurred in 1999, and to extend all new vaccine and preventive health interventions to children in all districts in the world. In addition, the GAVI has set up specific milestones to achieve the EPI goals: that by 2010 all countries have routine immunization coverage of 90% of their child population, that HepB be introduced in 80% of all countries by 2007 and that 50% of the poorest countries have Hib vaccine by 2005. In each of the United Nations’ member states, the individual national governments create and implement their own policies for vaccination programs following the guidelines set by the EPI. Setting up an immunization program is multifaceted and contains many complex components including a reliable cold chain system, transport for the delivery of the vaccines, maintenance of vaccine stocks, training and monitoring of health workers, outreach educational programs to inform the public, and a means of documenting and recording which child receives which vaccines. At the local level, implementation of the health care delivery system has been given greater responsibility to the local government Unit (LGU) by virtue of the Local Government Code of 1991, the Magna Carta for health workers for Republic Act 7305 in 1992, and the barangay health workers benefits in Incentives Act of 1995. The latter act provides for training volunteer workers as well as minimal incentives to convince them to help run barangay health station or centers. This volunteer will assist in clerical tasks and minor health procedures, such as weighing and measuring patients and malnutrition mitigating activities. However, this workers do it in this context that the study was conceptualize the results of the study may provide an assessment of the status of the health care delivery system and immunization status of children whose ages are 0 to 12 months old in Barangay San Juan- San Ramon of Municipality of Camaligan, Camarines Sur. The research finding can be a basis and inputs to the Local Government Units of Camaligan and Barangay San Juan- San Ramon in planning and implementation of barangay health care delivery system. Furthermore, allocation of Local Government Units (LGUs) budget or expenditure priority can also be guided towards a more responsive allocation level of health services. Results of the study may also contribute towards awareness building and educating the barangay residence about preventive health care. In terms of capacity building, the Local Government Unit (LGU) and the National Government will be given one basis for their technical support and training program for the health care workers to better improved the capacity to perform their jobs. After all, an empowered and well trained social health care work force will improved the delivery of community health care and reduce the number of children from preventable illnesses such as measles, malaria, diarrhea, malnutrition, and acute respiratory infection. Providing care for the children is really important. They will live to grow into adulthood and eventually become the future adult citizens. To ensure a productive future for these children, they must be protected from heavy childhood diseases which can be prevented through immunization. Presidential Decree No. 996 stated about â€Å"providing for compulsory basic immunization for infants and children below 8 years of age†. Immunization is one of the most important preventive management that should be done and given to infants in the first few months of his life. Estimates reveal that diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, poliomyelitis, tuberculosis, and measles are responsible for the deaths of about 5 million children every year in developing countries. These diseases are preventable through immunization with a handful of vaccines that can be given within the first year of a child’s life. Immunization has been recognized and accepted as one of the most important components in the prevention and control of communicable diseases. Immunization is a basic health service; therefore it is integrated into the healthcare delivery service of the ministry of health. With the assistance of UN children’s fund and WHO, the ministry of ealth launches the expanded program on immunization objective of reducing the morbidity and mortality rates of the EPI mentioned by increasing the proportion of fully immunized children in their first year of life. The researchers are fully aware and knowledgeable about the immunization that will provide maximal immunity to Expanded Program on Immunization diseases before a child’s first birthday. The respondents are well exposed to immunization activities for they have volunteered and particip ated in the community’s activity program. Thus, they can well undertake the study. How to cite Immunization: Health Care Delivery, Papers

Teen Suicide (sociological) Essay Example For Students

Teen Suicide (sociological) Essay Teen Suicide (sociological) Essay The purpose of this paper is to explain the causes of teen suicide. This paper will include statistics and some background information on suicide survivors. Also this report will discuss some warning signs of teen suicide. It is important to take the subject of suicide seriously. It doesnt seem right that a teenager, who has lived for such a short time, would choose to die, but those who cant get over their depression sometimes do. Teen suicide is the third leading cause of death for young people aged 15 to 24 and the fourth leading cause of death for persons between the ages of 10 and 14 and it seems to be on the rise. Only accidental deaths and homicide follow it. Some experts believe that many accidental deaths are actually suicides. According to a 1991 Center for Disease Control and Prevention study, 27% of high school students thought about suicide, 16% had a plan and 8% made an attempt. Suicide affects teens of all races and social standing. Boys commit suicide more often than girls do. It could be because its easier to get the tools for suicide, boys usually use firearms and girls often use pills so since the gun is more deadly, boys complete suicide. Over the past 15 years, the rate among girls has scarcely changed, but the rate among boys has tripled. Also, the rate among non-white males, even though its still lower than the white male rate, has been rising most quickly of all. Suicide remains the second leading cause of death among whites after accidents and the third among blacks after homicides and accidents. Teen suicide is now considered a national mental health problem. The main two causes for teen suicide is the mental disease of depression and family problems. 90% of teen suicide victims have at least one diagnosable, active psychiatric illness at the time of death, which is most often depression, substance abuse, or behavior disorders. Only 33-50% of victims was known by their doctors as having a mental illness at the time of their death, and only 15% were in treatment at the time of death. The pressures of modern life are greater these days and competition for good grades and college admission is difficult which are extra stresses on already unsure teens. Some even think its because there is more violence in the media. Lack of parental interest may make them feel alone and anonymous. They believe that their parents dont understand them and when they try to express their feelings they feel that their parents either denied or ignored the try to communicate feelings of unhappiness, frustration, or failure. Many children grow up in divorced households or both parents work and their families spend little time together. Even the threat of AIDS is a factor that contributes to higher suicide rate. Stressful life events, such as the loss of an important person or school failure, often encourages suicides. People who have worked with depressed teens see a common pattern of unhappiness, feelings of inner disturbance, chaos, low self-worth, hopelessness and anger. Suicidal teens generally feel that their emotions are played down, not taken seriously, or met with opposition by other people, but it should always be taken seriously. There are ways of watching for warning signs of a suicidal person and depression. Some noticeable things are talking about suicide, statements about hopelessness, helplessness, or worthlessness. They may have a obsession with death or suddenly become happier and calmer. They have a loss of interest in things they usually care about. They might stop visiting or calling people that they care about. They even start making arrangements or putting their affairs in order and give away their things. Teens should learn that with treatment, depression ends, but someone who is experiencing deep depression might not be able to think about that. .u2be56f08b88d8c873e8e0352f928941b , .u2be56f08b88d8c873e8e0352f928941b .postImageUrl , .u2be56f08b88d8c873e8e0352f928941b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2be56f08b88d8c873e8e0352f928941b , .u2be56f08b88d8c873e8e0352f928941b:hover , .u2be56f08b88d8c873e8e0352f928941b:visited , .u2be56f08b88d8c873e8e0352f928941b:active { border:0!important; } .u2be56f08b88d8c873e8e0352f928941b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2be56f08b88d8c873e8e0352f928941b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2be56f08b88d8c873e8e0352f928941b:active , .u2be56f08b88d8c873e8e0352f928941b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2be56f08b88d8c873e8e0352f928941b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2be56f08b88d8c873e8e0352f928941b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2be56f08b88d8c873e8e0352f928941b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2be56f08b88d8c873e8e0352f928941b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2be56f08b88d8c873e8e0352f928941b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2be56f08b88d8c873e8e0352f928941b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2be56f08b88d8c873e8e0352f928941b .u2be56f08b88d8c873e8e0352f928941b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2be56f08b88d8c873e8e0352f928941b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Plastic Surgery for the Other Essay They cant see the way out of the problem and think suicide is the only choice. There are 30,000 suicides that occur every year in the United States and the suicide survivors are the ones that are left majorly affected and ruined. The people that are mourning over a suicide victim describe feelings of shock, disbelief, .

The Good Earth Essays (194 words) - The Good Earth, O-Lan, Opium

The Good Earth In Pearl S. Bucks novel, The Good Earth, the protagonist was Wang Lung. Wang Lung showed that an honorable man could do dishonorable acts without becoming immoral. Wang Lung did some dishonorable things without becoming immoral. One thing was that he went to the new teahouse to see Lotus. He couldnt stand the thought of Lotus being with other men so he had his uncles wife to arrange for Lotus to come and stay at his house. Wang Lung still cared about O-lan because when she was sick he said, This I cannot bear! I would sell all my land for you.(185) Another dishonorable thing Wang Lung did was giving his uncle Opium. He gave his uncle Opium only to keep peace in his house. He said, If there were a way that we could keep them here but make them harmless and undesiring what a thing it would be, but there is no such magic as this! (201) Wang Lung proved that an honorable man could do dishonorable acts without becoming immoral. He did some dishonorable things, but remained moral. Book Reports

Technology and education essays

Technology and education essays Living in a society where technology is virtually unavoidable, it is inevitable that tasks that have been done in the past will need to be altered in order to accommodate the fast-paced, technologically enhanced world that we live in. Our every day tasks have changed in one way or another due to technological advancements, and are quickly becoming the norm. The types of medium that we use to communicate with one another have been evolving throughout the past years: the use of a telephone is being replaced by teleconferencing, the transferring of information can be done faster through the Internet or local networks, and emails have taken the place of letters and memos. There are many examples of every day activities in which technology has made its mark, and it seems to be doing so incessantly. The world of technology is swelling right before our eyes, and will continuously do so for many years to come. There is a growing need to educate ourselves and others about technology so that w e become familiar with it and not feel intimidated by this growing phenomenon - and the best way to do that is through our education system. There are 3 main tiers in our education system: primary, secondary and post-secondary levels. Currently, the school systems are attempting to incorporate a small dose of technology into their classrooms while maintaining the traditional classroom environment. One popular program that is being used presently is "Cable in the Classroom", which allows for easy learning for students, allowing a teacher to use computer programs as a tool to help illustrate certain topics discussed in class. This concept is becoming fairly popular and is proving to be a successful tool. However, it must lead us to question that if a simple concept such as this is becoming embraced by the educators, why have they not expanded to create this type of learning environment all across the board? Many might argue that doing so would take away t...

Words for Telling the Future

Words for Telling the Future Words for Telling the Future Words for Telling the Future By Maeve Maddox Even as scientists explore Quantum Theory, ancient practices for divining the future continue to flourish. Ronald and Nancy Reagan regularly consulted astrologers, and many newspaper readers check the astrology column before looking at anything else. Tarot readers and palm readers make a living at it. Here are some words writers might want to use in describing some of these practices. Divination is the practice of foreseeing the future or finding out hidden knowledge by some means or other. Ancient Romans studied the flight of birds to determine whether or not the day was favorable for some action. This method of divination is called augury. The verb to augur means to predict or indicate the future. One could say, missing a step on the way out of the house, That does not augur well! Romans had a specialized diviner called a haruspex who cut open animals and examined their entrails. This practice is called haruspicy. Several words that end in -mancy refer to methods of divination. Geomancy interprets markings on the ground, or the piles or patterns made by dirt when it is tossed. The geo comes from the word for earth. Necromancy involves summoning up the dead, the way King Saul did when he called on the Witch of Endor. The necro comes from the Greek word for dead. Sometimes necromancy is used to refer to any kind of black magic that involves the summoning of demons. Oneiromancy is divination by dreams. Bibliomancy is divining by opening a book at random and reading the first phrase that ones eyes light upon. Although the Bible is often the book used for this form of divination, other books are used. The biblio comes from Greek and Latin words for paper or scroll. The Bible is literally the Book. Another word for this practice is sortes. Some other familiar types of divination: Palmistry is divination by reading the lines on the palm of the hand. Phrenology is divination by feeling the bumps on a persons head. This practice was really popular in Victorian times. Many novelists have their characters talk about it. Astrology predicts a persons future according to alignment of the stars and planets. Dowsing is a method of finding the location of water or other underground substances with the use of a forked stick or wire. Clairvoyance is divination by second sight. Numerology is divination with numbers Sortilege is divination by casting lots. Priests do it in the Old Testament. Finally, two practices that you know about, but probably dont know the words for, are those of reading tea leaves and gazing into a crystal ball. Tasseography is the word for reading the future in tea leaves at the bottom of a cup. Scrying is what the gypsy does when she looks into her crystal ball and tells you that you are going to come into a large sum of money. If you ever doubted that English has a word for everything, take a look at these sites that feature lists of divination of every kind: Online etymology dictionary Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Rhetorical Devices for Rational Writing26 Feel-Good Words50 Musical Terms Used in Nonmusical Senses

Reflection on the Development and Application of a Fundamental Nursing Essay - 1

Reflection on the Development and Application of a Fundamental Nursing Skill in Nursing Practice - Essay Example While Scoliosis is the curving of the spine away from the midline, hence goes sideways (Burtner, et al., 1999, pp.748-57). Spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy patients and the feeding process I realized that patients with health conditions such as James have difficulties when it comes to feeding since he has problems with personal control and swallowing of food and drinks. For that purpose, keen nursing care needed to be given to ensure that the patient feeds and drinks well and is not suffocated in the process as fluid or food particles are likely to accidently sucked into the lungs. The swallowing process is governed by the swallowing centre in the medulla, and in the mid-oesophagus and distal oesophagus by largely autonomous peristaltic reflex that are coordinated by the enteric nervous system. If in the process of swallowing respiration does not stop, fluids and other food particles may enter the lungs causing suffocation (WGO, 2007). During the entire period and specifically dur ing the above mentioned event, other experienced care assistants were available to guide me through the process besides the mentor whom I had been assigned to. The purpose of being at this care home was to learn and improve on my skills of handling people with mental disability and James proved to be the best person to observe and learn from and thus fit a case study description. In the process of fluid feeding, it was important that I have a personal beaker that was dedicated to this activity and for this patient. His beaker was blue with small holes and a spout. Dysphagia may occur in two primary forms and these include Oropharyngeal Dysphagia where patients have a problem initiating a swallow as... The researcher talks about his five week program at a learning disability care home situated on the northwest of England. It was quite an experience and worked as an eye opener in my nursing career. At the time of his placement and throughout the period, the author of the paper happened to observe and took part in a program aimed at feeding the residents within the learning disability care home. In this program, the researcher focused mainly on a resident called James (real name withheld for confidentiality reasons) the NMC Code of conduct require nurses to respect patient confidentiality at all times. In this work the researcher will be using the Gibbs reflective cycle 1998 to guide him in writing and reflecting his thoughts and feelings about his experience. The Gibbs reflective cycle consists of six stages of and helps leaners reflect on what they have learnt or experiences they have gone through. This patient has a medical history of spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy; he suffer s from epilepsy and also scoliosis. As a result of his health condition, James has developed dysphagia- the difficulty someone may have in initiating a wallow or the sensation that foods or liquids are somehow hindered in their passage from mouth to stomach- and for that reason he has to eat and drink in a way that does not harm him and relies on nursing assistance. The author of this article tells that his experience while working at the disability care home exposed him to various issues that are considered in the management of patients with cerebral palsy.

International Human Rights from a Legal Perspective Essay

International Human Rights from a Legal Perspective - Essay Example It is important to understand that the significance of right of self-determination is based on provision for right of choice, such that the outcome of a people's choice should not affect the existence of the right to make a choice. In actual, the approach and policies of government towards its citizens of the nation can be often judged by the possible outcome of an exercise of right of self-determination. More often it is observed that the government is flexible enough to provide its people with the cultural autonomy, however political autonomy is controlled, and in many of the cases the government is reluctant to provide the right of self-determination to its citizens, the government shares a conservative approach towards the right of self-determination. Therefore the nation's claim of autonomy and independence are rejected and avoided by the states. (Department of International Affairs. Self-Determination Conference Examines Implementation of Self-Determination by United Nations Me chanisms. United Nations. 2001). In the International law, enough provisions has been included and amended to ensure political and social justice to the people, by providing them with the right of self-determination. ... The different interpretations of right of self-determination include degree of political, cultural and economic autonomy; the right to live on and manage a people's traditional lands free of external interference and incursion is the essential aim of a struggle for self-determination. The primary article of charter of United Nation emphasized over the importance and significance of self-determination. It was welcomed and practiced by different political figures including Woodrow Wilson, and Lenin. The provision of right of self-determination guided the Europeans during the period of World War I. The 1941's Atlantic Charter and Dumbarton Oaks proposals stressed over the application of right of self-determination, and later these charters and proposals turned the basis of United Nations charter. (International Court of Justice. The Question of Self-Determination: The Cases of East Timor, Tibet and Western Sahara. United Nations. 2001). The World Organization has stressed over the universal recognition of the principle as requisite for ensuring and sustaining friendly relations and peace among states. It is recognized as a right of all peoples in the first article common to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights which both entered into force in 1976. The first paragraph of the Article provides, 'All peoples have the right to self-determination. By virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development'. (Pomerance, Michla Pomerance. Self-Determination in Law and

Advertising Strategy Impact On Consumer Buying Behaviour Marketing Essay

Advertising Strategy Impact On Consumer Buying Behaviour Marketing Essay Introduction: Understanding the advertising strategies is an important which determines the consumer motivation towards the purchase decision making. Depending on the nature of the product consumer will follow a certain distinctive stages which will form the purchase decision making process. Consumer purchase decision making process starts with problem recognition like identification of a problem or unfulfilled need of the consumer than the search for information. They can search information by different ways like impulse purchase decisions, internet, advertising etc. Then they will evaluate the alternatives and finally make the purchase decision. The final part of purchase decision making process include post-purchase evaluation. This is a very important sector for all the marketing managers to satisfy their after making the purchasing decision by checking whether the products meet the level of expectations or not. Advertising is a paid, mediated form of communication from an identifiable source which is designed to persuade the receiver to take some action at now or in the future. (Richards and Curran, 2002) 1.2 Problem Definition: Advertising strategy has an impact on consumer buying behaviour. Advertising strategy is a campaign developed to communicate ideas about the product and services to potential customers for convincing them to buy those products or services (www.enotes.com). the advertising strategy should be built in a rational and intelligent manner will reflect business consideration like overall budget and brand recognition and objectives such as public image enhancement, market share growth. 1.3 Rationale: Retail industries in UK are facing problems of understanding the consumer behaviour. Consumer interest to a particular product can be increased by their advertising strategy. Advertising strategy should be made in such a way which will understand the consumers mind and satisfying the needs and wants of the consumers. I want to use this study to protect customer rights and to increase awareness in customers mind. Also I want to raise the issue of establish societal marketing concept by the company, where a company should play an ethical role in the society for the benefit of society and normal consumer. 1.4 Organizational Background: This research is based upon Tescos advertising strategies to motivate their customers. Tesco is one of largest retail industry in UK. In the year 2000 Tesco has launched in UK. At the year 2001, Tesco launches `Customer Champions in many stores an in many implement a new labour scheduler to further improve service for customers and Tesco becomes the leading organic retailer in the UK and reaches to  £1 billion price cuts. In 2002, Tesco enters to Malaysia and offers Free-From products designed for customers with special dietary needs. In 2003, Tesco entered in Turkey and Japan in order to expand their business. Day by day Tesco is increasing their business in different areas and in 2004 Tesco enters in China and launched own-brand Fair trade range and Broadband. At this time tesco.com become the first major British supermarket to enter music and download music. In the year 2005, Tesco Home plus launches and Tesco announces annual profit of  £2 billion and Tesco exists the Taiwanese market in an asset swap deal with Carrefour involving stores and operations in the Czech Republic. In 2006, Tesco Direct launched and in 2007 Tesco opens Fresh and Easy in the US. In 2008, Tesco announces plans to establish cash and carry business in India and acquires 36 hypermarkets in South Korea from Homever. Tesco also launched discount brand and personal finance acquisition in this year. In the year 2009, another advertising strategy club card re-launched in the UK with  £150 million investment offering customers the opportunity to double up their vouchers. (www.tescoplc.com, 2010) 1.5 Research Background: At present, retail companies are giving aggressive advertisement to attract customers which impacts great changes on customers buying pattern. Sometimes their advertising strategy leads to un-ethical issues in the society. So, general customers and people in the society have been affected by enormous advertisement. This study will explore that issue. 1.6 Research Questions: What is the concept of advertising and consumer buying behaviour in the context of retail industries? What is the impact of advertising strategy on consumer buying behaviour in the UK retail industry? What is the impact of Tescos advertising strategy on the buying behaviour of its customers? 1.7 Research Objectives: Critically review literature on advertising and consumer buying behaviour in the context of marketing and business strategy in the UK retail industry. Collect and analyze the data obtained through questionnaires targeting Tescos customer and interview the managers. Literature Review 2.1 Indicative Literature Review: The aim of this chapter is to demonstrate knowledge of relevant literature. Identifies key debates, concept and theories. Following two key points are the backbone literature of the proposed research topic: Advertising Customers buying behaviour The aim of this literature review in this report is to identify the literature gap. 2.2 Advertising: One of the major goals of advertising must to generate awareness of the business and its products. Once the business is established and its products are positioned in the market then the advertising will increase and develop consumer loyalty to the product. Definition of advertising: Advertising is any paid form of nonpersonal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor. (Kotler Armstrong, 2004) A dictionary definition of advertise would be to make known: to inform. All advertisements can be seen to offer information, and can be regarded as communications about products, services and organizations. Viewed in this way, advertisings purpose can be seen as communication, but since all advertisements contain persuasive elements directed at the ultimate purpose of a sale, advertising must also provide motives. Consumers must be moved towards purchase; ideas must be communicated.(Geoff Lancaster et. all,2002) 2.3 Advertising Decisions: Marketing management must make four important decisions when developing an advertising program, and evaluating advertising campaigns. Campaign evaluation Communication Impact Sales impact Message decisions Message strategy Message execution Budget decision Affordable approach Percent of sales Competitive parity Objective and task Objectives Setting Communication objectives Sales objectives Media decision Research, frequency, impact Major media types Specific media vehicles Media timing 2.4 Advertising objectives: There are some major objectives of making the advertising such as building brand image, providing information, persuasion, supporting marketing efforts and encouraging action. An advertising objective is a specific communication task to be accomplished with a specific target audience during a specific period of time. Advertising objectives can be classified by primary purpose whether the aim is to inform, persuade, or remind. (Kotler Armstrong, 2004) Following table will illustrate core advertising objective. Informative Advertising Telling the market about a new product Describing available services Suggesting new uses for product Correcting false impression Informing the market of a price change Reducing consumers fears Explain how the product works Building a company image Persuasive Advertising Building brand preference Persuading customer to purchase now Encouraging switching to your brand Persuading customer to receive a sales call Changing customers perception of product attribution Reminder Advertising Reminding brand preference Keeping customer to purchase now Encouraging switching to your brand during off seasons Changing customers perception of product attributes Maintaining its top-of-mind awareness 2.5 Setting the Advertising Budget: After determining its advertising objectives, the company next sets its advertising budget for each product. Four commonly used methods such as; affordable approach, percent of sales, competitive parity, and objective and task. A brands advertising budget often depends on its stage in the product life cycle. For example, new products typically need large advertising budget to build awareness and to persuade consumers to try the products. In contrast, mature brands usually require lower budgets as a ratio to sale. Market share also impacts the amount advertising needed: Because building the market or taking share from competitors requires larger advertising spending than does simply maintaining current share, low-share brands usually need more advertising spending as a percentage of sales. 2.6 Developing Advertising strategy: Advertising strategy consists of two major elements: creating advertising messages and selecting, advertising media. In the past, companies often viewed media planning as secondary to the message-creation process. The creative department first created good advertisements, then the media department selected the best media for carrying these advertisements to desired target audiences. 2.7 Creating the Advertising Message: Good advertising messages are especially important in todays costly and cluttered advertising environment. Just to gain and hold attention, todays advertising messages must be better planned, more imaginative, more entertaining, and more rewarding to consumers. Message strategy is the first step in creating effective advertising messages is to decide what general message will be communicated to consumers- to plan a message strategy. Message execution is the second step. The advertiser has to turn the big idea into an actual ad execution that will capture the target markets attention and interest. The creative people must find the best style, tone, words, and format for executing the message. Any message can be presented in different execution styles, such as; Slice of life Lifestyle Fantasy Mood or image Musical Personality symbol Technical expertise Scientific evidence Testimonial evidence or endorsement. 2.8 Selecting Advertising Media The major steps in media selection are: Deciding on reach, frequency, and impact. Choosing among major media types. Selecting specific media vehicles. Deciding on media timing. 2.9 Advertising Evaluation: The advertising program should evaluate both the communication effects and the sales effects of advertising regularly. Measuring the communication effects of an ad- copy testing tells whether the ad is communicating well. Copy testing can be done before of after an ad is printed or broadcast. Before the ad is placed, the advertiser can show it to consumers, ask how they like it, and measure recall or attitude changes resulting from it. After the ad is run, the advertiser can measure how the ad affected consumer recall or product awareness, knowledge, and preference. 2.10 Importance of Advertising strategy: The importance of advertising strategy are the following:- Advertising strategy will help to reach the large number of customers across different geographic markets. Effective advertising will allow larger audience to be reached with specific messages. Depending on media used, cost of reaching individuals can be lowered compared to other forms of communications. Advertising can be used to provide information for consumers at different purchasing stages. Advertising strategy will be effective in awareness creation at early stages of new product launched. Advertising strategy include a wide range of media to carry the advertising. 2.11 Advertising strategy framework: For the development of the advertising strategy it is useful to use different theoretical framework which are the following:- Hierarchy of effects model: This model will help to clarify the objectives of the advertising strategies as well as the objectives of a particular advertisement. It is also helpful to identifying the communication strategy. This model describes that a business buyer or a consumer moves through a series of six steps to make a purchase like awareness, knowledge, liking, preference, conviction and the actual purchase. (Kenneth E. Clow and D. Baack, 2002) Means-End Theory: The second theoritical model of Advertising strategy called the means-end chain. An advertisement contains a message or a means to lead the consumers a desired end state. Here the end-states include the personal values. The purpose of the means-end chain is to cause a chain reaction in which viewing the ad leads to the consumer to belief the product will achieve one of these personal values. The means-end theory model suggests that there are five elements in creating advertising like the product attributes, consumer benefits, leverage points, personal values and the execution framework. This model is designed to move the consumers through these five elements. Thus, the attributes of the product should be linked to the specific benefits consumer can derive and these benefits can lead to the attainment of a personal value. (Kenneth E. Clow and D. Baack, 2002) Leverage Point model: The hierarchy of effects model and the means-end chain approach are associated with leverage point methods. A leverage point is such a feature in the ads that lead the viewers to transform the advertising message into a personal value. To construct a quality leverage point, the marketers tries to build a pathway connecting a product benefit with the potential buyers value system. (Kenneth E. Clow and D. Baack, 2002) Verbal and visual images: The final type of advertising model is called verbal and visual images model. Here the degree of emphasis is given on the visual elements. Visual images often lead to more favourable attitudes toward both the advertisement and the brand. Visuals also trend to be more easily remembered than a verbal copy. Visual elements will be stored in the memory as both pictures and the verbal copy. This dual processing makes it easier for people to recall the message and also visual images are usually stored in the left and right hand sides of the brain while verbal messages are tend to be stored in the left side of the brain only. (Kenneth E. Clow and D. Baack, 2002) 2.12 Customers Buying Behaviour Consumers around the world vary tremendously in age, income, education level, and tastes. They also buy an incredible variety of goods and services. How these diverse consumers connect with each other and with other elements of the world around them impacts their choices among various products, services, and companies. (Kotler Armstrong, 2004) 2.13 Models of Consumer Behaviour Buyers black box Buyer Buyer Character- Decision Istitcs Process Marketing and other stimuli Marketing Other Product Economic Price Technological Place Political Promotion Cultural Buyer responses Product choice Brand choice Dealer choice Purchase timing Purchase amountConsumers make many buying decision every day. Most large companies research consumer buying decisions in great detail to answer questions about what consumers buy, why they buy, how and how much they buy, when they buy. Marketers can study actual consumer purchases to find out what they buy, where, and how much. But learning about the whys of consumer buying behaviour is not so easy the answers are often locked deep within the consumers head. This figure shows that marketing and other stimuli enter the consumers black box and produce certain responses. Marketers must figure out what is in the buyers black box. Marketing stimuli consist of the four Ps: product, price, place, and promotion. Other stimuli include major forces and events in the buyers environment: economic, technological, political, and cultural. All these inputs enter the buyers black box, where they are turned into a set of observable buyer responses: product choice, brand choice, dealer choice, purchase timing, and purchase amount. The marketers want to understand how the stimuli are changed into responses inside the consumers black box, which has two parts. First, the buyers characteristics influence how he or she perceives and reacts to the stimuli. Second, the buyers decision process itself affects the buyers behaviour. (Kotler Armstrong, 2004) 2.14 Characteristics Affecting Consumer Behaviour Consumer purchased are influenced strongly by cultural, social, personal, and psychological characteristics. For the most part, marketers cannot control such factors, but they must take them into account. 2.15 Cultural Factors: Cultural factors exert a broad and deep influence on consumer behaviour. The marketer needs to understand the role played by the buyers culture, subculture, and social class. Cultural Culture Subculture Social class Social Reference groups Family Roles and status Personal Age and life-cycle stage Occupation Economic situation Lifestyle Personality and self-concept Buyer Psychological Motivation Perception Learning Beliefs and attitudes 2.16 Types of Buying-Decision Behaviour: There are four types of buying-decision behaviour such as: Complex buying behaviour: Consumers undertake complex buying behaviour when they are highly involved in a purchase and perceive significant differences among brands. Consumers may be highly involved when the product is expensive, risky, purchased infrequently, and highly self-expressive. Typically, the consumer has much to learn about the product category. Dissonance-reducing buying behaviour: It occurs when consumers are highly involved with an expensive, infrequent, or risky purchase, but see little difference among brands. Habitual buying behaviour: It occurs under conditions of low consumer involvement and little significant brand difference. Variety-seeking buying behaviour: consumers undertake it in situations characterized by low consumer involvement but significant perceived brand differences. In such cases, consumers often do a lot of brand switching. 2.17 The Buyer Decision Process: Post purchase behaviour Evaluation of alternatives Information search Need recognition Purchase decision Need recognition: The first stage of the buyer decision process, in which the consumer recognizes a problem or need. Information search: The stage of the buyer decision process in which the consumer is aroused to search for more information; the consumer may simply have heightened attention or may go into active information search. Alternative evaluation: The stage of the buyer decision process in which the consumer uses information to evaluate alternative brands in the choice set. Purchase decision: The buyers decision about which brand to purchase. Post purchase behaviour: The stage of the buyer decision process in which consumers take further action after purchase, based on their satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Research Methodology 3.1 Introduction A good research methodology gives a clear picture of what the aims of the field work should be. In the main, the purpose of the primary research would be to identify some of the key issues behind the Tescos advertising strategy. This methodology chapter will begin by briefly looking at the theoretical underpinning underlying the carrying out of a marketing research activity. Thus it can be argued that regardless of the nature of the study, understanding the nature and limitations of various data collection methods can enable a researcher to better understand the data collected and the limits of their interpretation. Following this review, the chapter then goes to consider the choice of method and its implementation, with the entire attendant stages involved. 3.2 What is Marketing Research? Johnson (1994 cited in White 2003, p21) defined research as a focused and systematic enquiry that goes beyond generally available knowledge to acquire specialized and detailed information, providing a basis for analysis and elucidatory comment on the topic of enquiry. Any type of researches, including both marketing and academic research, contains the basic characteristics of a research activity. Cooper and Schindler (2006, p4) have argued that marketing research is a systematic inquiry that provides information to guide marketing decisions. 3.3 The Marketing Research Process The research process is the route map of any type of research. Aaker et al (2004, pp 43-5) have argued that by and large any research activity or study contains seven steps, as follows: (1) Agree on the research process. (2) Establish research objectives. (3) Estimate the value of information. (4) Design the research. (5) Collect the data. (6) Prepare and analyse the data. (7) Report the research results and provide strategic recommendations. 3.4 Qualitative Research Following the broad overview above, this section now briefly looks at the type of approaches in use in practice. 3.5 Definition Once a research approach is decided, researchers will need to focus on the research methods. Hague (1992, p120) argued that marketing research surveys include two main groups. They are quantitative and qualitative researches. Denzin and Lincoln (2003, p4) considered that generic definition of qualitative research could be described as qualitative research is a situated activity that locates the observer in the world. 3.6 Qualitative versus Quantitative In terms of the differences between them, Wright and Crimp (2000, pp 374-5) argued that qualitative research uses description by words and pictures, while quantitative research uses measurement and number. Hague and Jackson (1999, pp 17-8) believed that quantitative research emphasizes accuracy whereas qualitative research emphasises understanding rather than simple measurement. Hague (1992, p123) also argued that qualitative researches enables researchers to better understand the subject matter more so than quantitative researches. In conclusion, quantitative research emphasises the accuracy and quantity dimensions. On the other hand, qualitative research emphasises the nature or quality aspects. Given the nature of the problem posed in this study, it can be argued at this stage this study will utilise a more qualitative approach since we do not understand the reasons for the present push of Abu Dhabi as a destination and where exactly it will be positioned in the minds of consumers. 3.7 Quantitative Research Quantitative research methodology deals with areas that can be expressed in numbers. It will tell researchers, for example, what proportion of the population uses luxury cars and what their ages and occupations are; what it will not do very easily is tell researchers why those people prefer such cars. Main quantitative research techniques are; Survey Questionnaire 3.8 The Survey Survey involves the systematic application of representative sampling, questionnaire design, information collection and statistical analysis techniques to obtain data which describes aspects of a market in as much detail required by the research user. The size of the sample is determined by a combination of factors including the structure of the market being examined, the level of detail required and the accuracy levels required at the overall cost of the research. (Malhotra, 2004) Figure : A classification of survey methods Traditional TelephoneTelephone InterviewingPP Personal Interviewing CC Computer Assisted Telephone InterviewingSS Survey MethodsEE Electronic Interviewing II In-HouseMM Mall Interviewing MM Mall InterceptCC Computer Assisted personal InterviewingMM MailMM Mail panelEE E-mailII Internet Source:Naresh.K.Malhotra, 2004 3.9 The Questionnaire They are a valuable method of collecting a wide range of information from a large number of respondents. Good questionnaire construction is critical to the success of a survey. Inappropriate questions, incorrect ordering of questions, incorrect scaling, or bad questionnaire format can make the survey valueless. A useful method for checking a questionnaire for problems is to pretest it. This usually involves giving it to a small sample of respondents, then interviewing the respondents to get their impressions and to confirm that the questions accurately captured their opinions.(Burns Bush, 2003). McDaniel and Gates (2005, p318) believed that questionnaire is a set of questions designed to generate the data necessary to accomplish the objectives of the research project. To design a questionnaire, they proposed a ten-step process as follows: -Step one: Determine survey objectives, resources and constraints. -Step two: Determine the data collection method. -Step three: Determine the question response format. His basic format of a questionnaire is closed-ended questions. Its main consideration is that it is more convenient for the respondents to utilise. But as will be seen in Appendix, this study used mainly open-ended questions because of the problem being investigated. One of the advantages is that it can provide more clues to analyse and judge the response (Aaker et al 2004, p320). -Step four: Decide on the question wording. -Step five: Establish the flow and layout. -Step six: Evaluate the questionnaire. After the first draft, the questionnaire should be reviewed. The main purpose is to make sure that all questions will collect necessary data which will accomplish the aim of the study. -Step seven: Obtain approval of all relevant parties. -Step eight: Pre-test and revise. -Step nine: Prepare the final copy. -Step ten: Implement the survey. 3.10 Sampling Methods Aaker et al (2004, p373) believed that sampling is useful when the population size is big, the cost is limited and time is limited. They argued that time spent on each would be limited if sampling is used properly and hence the quality of responses would be improved. In terms of the suitable situations of using each, Aaker et al (2004, pp 387-90) argued that non-probability sampling can be used in exploratory research as follows: judgemental, snowball, convenience, and quota sampling. For this study, judgemental sampling method is chosen mainly for the time limitation. 3.11 E-mail Survey More recently, the use of the e-mail survey method has become more common place. Aaker et al (2004, pp 167-8) are of the view that there are some advantages in collecting primary data by this means. The include: (1) It is speeder than the traditional postal mail. This study has benefited from this means since it was possible to contact potential respondents and solicit their co-operation well before the interview took place (2) It usually saves many of the costs involved in regular mail surveys (3) There are no intermediaries. E-mail is usually read only by the recipient, so that the respondent chosen by the researcher is usually the one to answer the questions (4) It is more convenient for the recipient. 3.12 Choice of Data Collection Method and Its Implementation In this study quantitative research method will be used to get accurate output from the study. The key element is face to face interview. The process is given below: 3.13 Face-to-face interviews (with an interview schedule/open-ended questions: See Appendix 1) with selected Tescos customers and line managers charged with responsibility of trading in the Tesco store. It was felt that given the time it took to respond to a request for interview that a questionnaire survey would have been far less satisfactory. In addition, in that part of the world face-to-face encounters are considered more respectful particularly when attempting to elicit answers from operational managers and customers. Nevertheless, the process was cumbersome and entailed constants with customer service in order to fix dates and diaries. The process took well over three months (from August to October, 2010). The researcher is of the view that the responses elicited do provide a good overall picture of the advertising strategy and its impact, was useful to the study. Hypothesis Statement: Problem question: How do advertising strategies impact on consumer buying behaviour? H0: Advertising strategies have an impact on consumer buying behaviour. H1: Advertising strategies have no impact on consumer buying behaviour. Limitations of the Research: The limitation of this research is to submit this project within a short period of time and for that reason some of the important issues may have not been discussed on this research. Another limitation can be limited sources of secondary information available in the market and thats why this research can not use a major sources of information in order to make an extensive project. PROPOSED TIME-TABLE: Following table will illustrate the possible deadlines and dates to complete the proposed dissertation properly on time. AREAS WK 1 WK 2 WK 3 WK 4 WK 5 WK 6 WK 7 WK 8 WK 9 WK 10 WK 11 WK 12 Identification Of Issue Literature Review Research design